Women's Criminality and Drug-Related Crime: A Criminological Analysis
Annotation / Abstract
Abstract. The article examines the criminological characteristics of drug-related offenses committed by women and the legal mechanisms aimed at prevention and response. It substantiates that psychosocial stress, domestic violence, and economic insecurity increase women's risk of criminal involvement. A comparative analysis is conducted of the 1988 UN Vienna Convention, European Union practice, and Uzbekistan's legislation. The paper proposes strengthening gender-sensitive prevention and rehabilitation measures and aligning national legislation with international standards
Full text
Demak, ayollar tomonidan sodir etiladigan giyohvandlik bilan bog‘liq jinoyatlarnin^ kriminologik xususiyatlariga quyidagilami kiritish mumkin:
- ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy muhtojlik va himoyasizlik;
- oilaviy zo‘ravonlik va tashqi bosim ta’ siri;
- ruhiy-emotsional iztirob va stress holatlari;
- narkotrafikda yordamchi va zaif rollami baj arish;
- retsidivxavfiningyuqoriligi.
Bundan tashqari, mazkur jinoyatlaming kriminologik xususiyatlari ulami bartaraf etishda nafaqat jazo choralari, balki ijtimoiy-psixologikyordam, iqtisodiy qo‘llah-quvvatlash vaprofilaktik tadbirlarm ham kompleks tarzda qo‘Hash zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.
Shu o‘rinda aytish kerakki, ayollar jinoyatchiligini tahlil qilish masalasi xalqaro va milliy kriminologiyada muhim ilmiy yo‘nalish sifatida shakllangan. Bu borada turli mamlakat olimlari turli nazariyalami ilgari surgan bo‘lib, ulaming umumiy jihati - ayollaming jinoyatga jalb etilishida ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy omillarning hal qiluvchi ahamiyat kasb etishi hisoblanadi. Xususan:
AQSH huquqshunosi M. Tonrining nazariyasiga ko‘ra, ayollar jinoyatchilikka asosan “ijtimoiy tengsizlik va iqtisodiy zaiflik” ta’sirida jalb qilinadi. U mehnat bozoridagi tengsizlik, ishsizlik, kam ta’minlanganlik kabi omillami asosiy sabab sifatida ko‘rsatadi. Shuning uchun Tonri ayollar jinoyatchiligini bartaraf etishda jazo choralaridan ko‘ra, ijtimoiy kafolatlar va iqtisodiy imkoniyatlarni kengaytirish muhim ekanini ta’kidlaydi [9].
AQSH kriminologi F. Adler esa “Sisters in Crime” asarida ayollar jinoyatchiligini jamiyatdagi tenglik jarayonlari bilan bog‘laydi. Uning fikricha, ayollar huquq va imkoniyat jihatidan erkaklarga уaqinlashgan sari, ulaming j inoyatchilikda ishtirok daraj asi ham о ‘ sishi mumkin [10].
N.F. Kuznetsova ayollar jinoyatchiligini asosan oilaviy muhit va ijtimoiy nazoratning yetarli emasligi bilan bog‘laydi. Uning ilmiy qarashicha, ayollar jinoyatga ko'proq oiladagi zo‘ravonlik, turmushdagi muammolar va ijtimoiy muhit ta’sirida kirib qoladilar. Shu bois, olima profilaktikada ayollar uchun psixologik va huquqiy qo‘llov tizimini kuchaytirishni taklif qiladi [11].
References
Foydalanilgan manbalar / References
- UNODC. World Drug Report 2024. Special Highlights. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, 2024.
- UNODC. Gender Brief on Drugs 2024. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, 2024.
- UN Women & UNODC. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2024. New York, 2024.
- Кудрявцев В.Н. Общая теория причин преступности. - М.: Наука, 1984. - С. 73-75.
- Долгова А.И. Криминология: Учебник. - М.: Норма, 2010. - С. 415-418.
- UNODC. World Drug Report 2024. Special Highlights. - Vienna: United Nations, 2024.
- Paxriddinov F. Kriminologiya: nazariy va amaliy asoslar. - T.: Akademnashr, 2022. - B. 289-293.
- UNODC & UN Women. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2024. - New York: UN, 2024.
- Tonry M. Thinking About Crime. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
- Adler F. Sisters in Crime: The Rise of the New Female Criminal. - New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.
- Кузнецова Н.Ф. Криминология. - Москва: Норма, 2015.
- Gilligan C. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. - Harvard University Press, 1982.
- Занин А.С. Финансово-правовое регулирование деятельности субъектов страхового рынка Российской Федерации. - Москва, 2021.
- Schneider K. Kriminologie und Gender. - Berlin: Springer, 2010.
- Ismoilov I. Jinoyatchilik profilaktikasida gender masalalari. - Toshkent: Akademnashr, 2021.
- UNESCO Report on Gender Equality, 2020; UNODC. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons. - New York, 2022.
- United Nations. Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Vienna, 1988.
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Gender and Drugs: Health and Social Responses. Luxembourg, 2022.
- “Giyohvandlik vositalari va psixotrop moddalar to‘g‘risida”gi Qonun. Qonunchilik ma’lumotlari milliy bazasi, 2000-yil 19-avgust.
- O’zbekiston Respublikasi Jinoyat kodeksi. lex.uz.
- Paxriddinov F. Kriminologiya: nazariy va amaliy asoslar. - Toshkent: Akademnashr, 2022.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2024. - Vienna: UNODC, 2024.
- United Nations. Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. - Vienna, 1988.
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Gender and Drugs: Health and Social Responses. - Luxembourg, 2022.
APA
Vancouver