% !TeX program = xelatex
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% CRIMINOLOGY (UZBEKISTAN) — PROFESSIONAL SINGLE-COLUMN OVERLEAF ARTICLE TEMPLATE
% Edit this file. Layout code is kept in criminologyuz.cls.
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% Choose ONE mode:
\documentclass[final]{criminologyuz}      % author details visible
% \documentclass[review]{criminologyuz}   % anonymous peer-review PDF

% ================================================================
% A. ADMIN SETTINGS — simple journal-level fields
% ================================================================

\JournalDetails{1}{1}{2026}{1--8} % volume, issue, year, page range
\ArticleFirstPage{4}              % first printed page number
\ArticleDOI{10.xxxx/criminologyuz.2026.00000}

% Crossmark uses the DOI above and this ISO date automatically.
\CrossmarkDate{2026-08-01}

% Links behind the official Open Access and CC BY 4.0 marks.
\OpenAccessURL{https://criminologyjournal.uz/Kriminologiya/}
\LicenseURL{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}

\ArticleHistory
  {12 June 2026}  % received
  {05 July 2026}  % revised
  {18 July 2026}  % accepted
  {01 August 2026}% published

% ================================================================
% B. ARTICLE INFORMATION
% ================================================================

\ArticleType{Article}
% Provide a concise, informative, specific, and relevant title.
\ArticleTitle{Concise and Informative Article Title}
\ShortTitle{Short Running Title}

% ================================================================
% C. AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS
% Author order: full name | affiliation mark | short name | e-mail | ORCID
% ORCID is stored only here. In the PDF, only its clickable icon appears.
% Replace the demonstration ORCID values with verified author ORCID iDs.
% ================================================================

\Author
  {Firstname Lastname}
  {1,*}
  {F.L}
  {author1@example.org}
  {0000-0002-1825-0097}

\Author
  {Firstname Lastname}
  {2}
  {F.L.}
  {author1@example.org}
  {0000-0001-5109-3700}

\Affiliation{1}{Department Name, Institution Name, City, Postal Code, Country}
\Affiliation{2}{Department Name, Institution Name, City, Postal Code, Country}

% short name | e-mail | telephone
\CorrespondingAuthor{F.L.}{author1@example.org}{+998 71 000 00 00}

% ================================================================
% D. ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS
% ================================================================

\ArticleAbstract{The abstract must be presented as a single paragraph and must not exceed 200 words. It should include the following elements: \newline\textbf{Background:} briefly describe the criminological, legal, criminal-justice, victimological, or crime-prevention problem, the existing knowledge gap, and the objective of the study; \newline\textbf{Methods:} summarize the research design, setting, participants or units of analysis, data sources, sampling strategy, measures, and analytical, statistical, qualitative, comparative, or doctrinal methods; \newline\textbf{Results:} present the principal findings and relevant quantitative, qualitative, legal, or comparative results, including sample size, effect estimates, confidence intervals, or principal themes where applicable; \newline\textbf{Conclusions:} state the main conclusion, scientific novelty, and justified implications for criminological theory, law, policy, or practice. The abstract must accurately reflect the manuscript and must not contain citations, footnotes, tables, figures, undefined abbreviations, or information not presented in the main text.}

\ArticleKeywords{keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List three to ten relevant keywords that accurately reflect the content of the article and are commonly used within the subject area.)}

% ================================================================
% E. PUBLISHER'S NOTE — printed after the References
% ================================================================

\PublisherNoteText{The statements, interpretations, conclusions, and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s), and do not necessarily represent the position of Criminology (Uzbekistan), the Research Institute of Criminology of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Editorial Board, or the editors. Responsibility for the accuracy, legality, and ethical integrity of the submitted content rests with the author(s).}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\noindent\textit{For review articles and short communications, the section structure may be adapted according to the content and purpose of the manuscript. However, all manuscripts must include the required title-page information, abstract, keywords, declarations, a Data Availability Statement where applicable, and references.}

\par\medskip

\section{Introduction}

{Replace this instruction with the Introduction. Describe the criminological, legal, criminal-justice, victimological, or crime-prevention background of the study and explain its national, regional, comparative, or international relevance. Critically summarize the most relevant current literature and theoretical perspectives, identify the specific knowledge, legal, or policy gap addressed by the study, and explain why this gap is important. Clearly state the objective, research question, or hypothesis, where applicable, and conclude by defining the originality, scientific novelty, and principal contribution of the work. A manuscript focused on Uzbekistan or Central Asia should also explain its relevance beyond the immediate jurisdiction. Do not include detailed methods, results, or conclusions in this section.}
\par

\section{Methods}

{Replace this instruction with a complete description of the research design, setting, study period, population or corpus, units of analysis, sampling, data sources, variables or concepts, instruments, procedures, and analytical methods used. Provide sufficient detail to permit scientific evaluation and, where ethically and legally possible, replication of the work. Established methods must be appropriately cited, while new or substantially modified methods must be described and justified in detail.}
\par

{\textbf{Quantitative studies:} identify the target population, sampling frame, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample-size rationale, outcome and exposure variables, measurement instruments, validity and reliability, missing-data treatment, descriptive and inferential procedures, effect-size measures, confidence intervals, model diagnostics, sensitivity analyses, and software with version numbers. Distinguish association from causation and justify any causal interpretation.}
\par

{\textbf{Qualitative studies:} describe participant or document selection, recruitment and consent, interview or observation procedures, researcher positionality where relevant, transcription, coding framework, analytical approach, use of software, reflexivity, triangulation or other credibility procedures, and how thematic saturation or information power was assessed. Protect participants from identification in quotations and contextual detail.}
\par

{\textbf{Legal, doctrinal, and comparative studies:} identify the jurisdictions, legal sources, court decisions, policy documents, databases, search period, selection criteria, interpretive framework, and comparative dimensions. Distinguish the law in force from proposals, commentary, and author interpretation. Provide stable citations to primary legal sources wherever possible and explain the basis for selecting comparator jurisdictions.}
\par

{\textbf{Administrative-data, artificial-intelligence, and machine-learning studies:} describe data provenance, legal basis for access, coverage, linkage, cleaning and coding decisions, division into training, validation, and test sets, model architecture, algorithms, hyperparameters, performance and calibration metrics, fairness assessment, external validation, and procedures used to prevent data leakage, overfitting, discriminatory impact, or unjustified operational use.}
\par

{\textbf{Systematic and scoping reviews:} state the review question, protocol or registration, databases and other sources searched, complete search dates and strategy, eligibility criteria, screening and extraction process, appraisal method, synthesis approach, and treatment of publication bias or heterogeneity where applicable. Use a recognized reporting guideline appropriate to the review design.}
\par

{Where relevant, report the study location, institutional and social context, study period, data sources, permissions, preregistration or protocol information, and legal or ethical approvals. Identify the approving authority and approval or reference number where available. Research involving victims, minors, suspects, defendants, convicted persons, detainees, prisoners, employees, or other potentially vulnerable groups requires particular attention to voluntariness, coercion, confidentiality, legal risk, and re-identification. Information on access to supporting data, code, instruments, and protocols must be provided separately in the Data Availability Statement without breaching privacy, law, security, or legitimate third-party restrictions.}
\par

{The following figure, equations, and tables are formatting examples. Authors must replace or remove their illustrative content as appropriate while retaining the journal's numbering, citation, caption, and formatting conventions.}
\par

% ================================================================
% FIGURE EXAMPLE — KEEP THIS BLOCK
% ================================================================

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \fcolorbox{GJRule}{GJSoft}{%
    \parbox[c][39mm][c]{0.84\linewidth}{%
      \centering\sffamily\color{GJMuted}
      Insert a publication-quality figure from the figures folder.\\[4pt]
      Preferred formats: PDF for vector graphics; PNG or TIFF for photographs.}}
  \caption{Illustrative location of a study-flow diagram, conceptual model, map, or statistical figure. Define every symbol and abbreviation in the caption or main text and protect confidential information.}
  \label{fig:study-flow}
\end{figure}

% ================================================================
% EQUATION EXAMPLES — KEEP THESE BLOCKS
% ================================================================

The rate of recorded offences per 100,000 population may, for example, be written as

\begin{equation}
  R=\frac{C}{P}\times 100{,}000,
  \label{eq:crime-rate}
\end{equation}

where $C$ is the number of recorded offences during the specified period and $P$ is the corresponding population at risk. Authors must define the numerator, denominator, period, and data source.

For a binary outcome, a logistic regression model may be expressed as

\begin{equation}
  \log\!\left(\frac{p_i}{1-p_i}\right)
  =\beta_0+\sum_{k=1}^{K}\beta_k X_{ik},
  \label{eq:logistic}
\end{equation}

where $p_i$ is the probability of the specified outcome for observation $i$, $X_{ik}$ is predictor $k$, and $\beta_k$ is its estimated coefficient.

An estimated effect $\widehat{\theta}$ may be accompanied by an uncertainty interval written as

\begin{equation}
  \widehat{\theta}\ \pm\ z_{1-\alpha/2}
  \operatorname{SE}(\widehat{\theta}),
  \label{eq:confidence-interval}
\end{equation}

where $\operatorname{SE}(\widehat{\theta})$ is the standard error and $z_{1-\alpha/2}$ is the relevant critical value. Authors must use the interval and model appropriate to the study design.

% ================================================================
% TABLE EXAMPLE 1 — KEEP THIS BLOCK
% ================================================================

\begin{table}[htbp]
  \caption{Illustrative description of a study sample. Values are examples only and must be replaced.}
  \label{tab:sample}
  \centering
  \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X c c@{}}
    \toprule
    \textbf{Characteristic} & \textbf{Category} & \textbf{Value} \\
    \midrule
    Study sample & Total observations & $n=000$ \\
    Age & Mean (SD), years & 00.0 (0.0) \\
    Outcome & Number (\%) & 00 (00.0) \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Results}

{Replace this instruction with the study findings, presented in a clear and logical sequence corresponding to the objectives and methods. Begin with the sample, corpus, case-selection, or data-flow information. Quantitative studies should report denominators, missing data, estimates, effect sizes, confidence intervals, exact statistical results where useful, and model diagnostics. Qualitative studies should present well-supported themes or interpretations without disclosing identities. Legal and comparative studies should clearly identify the primary authorities and the results of the stated analytical framework.}
\par

{Tables and figures must be numbered consecutively, cited in numerical order, and placed close to their first citation. Table titles must appear above tables, and figure captions must appear below figures. Captions must be sufficiently informative to allow the table or figure to be understood independently of the main text. Do not duplicate the same results in the text, tables, and figures.}
\par

% ================================================================
% TABLE EXAMPLE 2 — KEEP THIS BLOCK
% ================================================================

\begin{table}[htbp]
  \caption{Illustrative reporting of adjusted associations with a binary outcome. Values are examples only and must be replaced.}
  \label{tab:associations}
  \centering
  \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}*{4}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}@{}}
    \toprule
    \textbf{Predictor} &
    \textbf{Adjusted OR} &
    \textbf{95\% CI} &
    \textbf{$p$ value} \\
    \midrule
    Predictor A & 1.42 & 1.10--1.84 & 0.007 \\
    Predictor B & 0.78 & 0.61--1.00 & 0.049 \\
    Predictor C & 1.06 & 0.83--1.35 & 0.640 \\
    Predictor D & 1.31 & 1.02--1.68 & 0.034 \\
    Predictor E & 0.92 & 0.70--1.21 & 0.550 \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

{Report relevant negative, null, and unexpected findings. Distinguish factual results from interpretation and do not extend claims beyond the sampled population, jurisdictions, data sources, observation period, identification strategy, or available evidence. Do not infer individual risk from group-level results or claim causality from a design that supports association only.}
\par

\section{Discussion}

{Replace this instruction with an interpretation of the principal findings in relation to the study objective, research question, hypothesis, criminological theory, applicable law, and the most relevant previous research. Explain plausible mechanisms carefully and clarify how the findings advance criminological knowledge, crime-prevention policy, criminal-justice practice, victim support, or legal understanding.}
\par

{Compare the findings with previous studies only where populations, settings, jurisdictions, definitions, measures, and methods are sufficiently comparable. Explain agreements, disagreements, unexpected findings, and contradictory evidence. Distinguish conclusions supported directly by the evidence from proposed explanations or hypotheses requiring further investigation.}
\par

{Discuss the theoretical, legal, policy, and practical significance, generalizability, and transferability of the findings to other populations, institutions, jurisdictions, and social contexts where relevant. Explain the implications for Uzbekistan, Central Asia, and the wider international literature where appropriate. Do not repeat the Results section or overstate effectiveness, causality, policy readiness, or social impact.}
\par

\subsection{Limitations and practical implications}

{Identify the principal limitations affecting interpretation, validity, reliability, reproducibility, generalizability, or transferability. Explain the likely influence of each limitation instead of presenting only a general list. Relevant limitations may concern selection bias, underreporting, official-record bias, self-report and recall bias, measurement error, missing data, unmeasured confounding, temporal ordering, small or non-representative samples, researcher positionality, translation, changing law, unavailable comparison data, or risks of re-identification.}
\par

{Describe implications for prevention, policing, courts, corrections, probation, victim services, legislation, education, or community practice only where they are supported by the reported evidence. State the intended beneficiaries, institutional conditions, implementation constraints, legal and ethical safeguards, resource requirements, unintended consequences, equity implications, and remaining barriers. Recommendations must not stigmatize groups or enable unjustified surveillance, discrimination, or punitive intervention.}
\par

\section{Conclusions}

{Replace this instruction with a concise and direct answer to the research objective or question. Summarize the principal findings, including the most important quantitative, qualitative, legal, or comparative results where appropriate, and state the original scientific contribution and justified implications for criminological theory, law, policy, or practice.}
\par

{The Conclusions section must be based only on evidence presented in the manuscript. It must not introduce new data, methods, figures, tables, citations, or unsupported claims. Recommendations for future research must be specific and directly related to the limitations or unanswered questions identified in the study.}


\section*{Author contributions}

{For manuscripts with two or more authors, a statement describing each author's individual contributions must be provided using the CRediT Contributor Roles Taxonomy. Authors must be identified by their initials, which must correspond exactly to the names given on the title page. Only the roles that apply to the manuscript should be included.

The following format may be adapted:

Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing--original draft, X.X.; writing--review and editing, X.X. and Y.Y.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and approved the submitted version of the manuscript.

Each author may be assigned more than one role, and the same role may be assigned to more than one author. Authors must not claim roles that they did not perform.

For definitions of the contributor roles, authors should consult the
\href{https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles-defined/}
{CRediT Contributor Roles Taxonomy}.

CRediT describes individual contributions but does not by itself determine authorship. Authorship must be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the work, approved the submitted manuscript, and accepted responsibility for its content in accordance with the journal's Authorship Policy. Contributors who do not meet the journal's authorship criteria must not be listed as authors and should be named, with their permission, in the Acknowledgments section.

For a single-author manuscript, the statement should be adapted as follows:

Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing--original draft, and writing--review and editing, X.X. The author has read and approved the submitted version of the manuscript. Only the roles actually performed by the author should be retained.}

\section*{Funding}

{Replace this instruction with an accurate funding statement. Identify every organization that provided financial support and include the grant or project number where available. If the funder had any role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit the article, that role must be described.}
\par

\noindent\textit{Use one of the following formats and delete the alternatives:}
\par

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textit{This research was supported by [full name of funding organization] under Grant [grant or project number].}
  \item \textit{This research received no external funding.}
\end{itemize}

\section*{Data availability}

{Every research manuscript must contain a Data Availability Statement. Replace this instruction with an accurate statement identifying where the data, computer code, instruments, codebooks, protocols, legal corpus, or other resources supporting the findings can be accessed. Provide the repository name and DOI, accession number, or permanent link where available. Never disclose information that could identify victims, witnesses, minors, detainees, prisoners, suspects, defendants, research participants, or other protected persons.}
\par

\noindent\textit{Select and adapt the statement that applies to the manuscript, and delete all unused alternatives:}
\par

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textit{The data supporting the findings of this study are available in [repository name] at \url{https://doi.org/[DOI]}.}
  
  \item \textit{The data supporting the findings of this study are included in the article and its supplementary materials.}
  
  \item \textit{The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Access is subject to [state the applicable conditions or restrictions].}
  
  \item \textit{The data are not publicly available because of [confidentiality, privacy, intellectual-property, commercial, contractual, legal, ethical, security, third-party ownership, or justified technical restrictions]. Requests for access may be submitted to [responsible person or organization], subject to [conditions of access].}
  
  \item \textit{The data used in this study were obtained from [third-party source]. Restrictions apply to their availability. Data may be requested directly from [data owner or source] at [permanent link], subject to the applicable conditions.}
  
  \item \textit{No new data were created or analysed in this study. Data sharing is therefore not applicable.}
\end{itemize}

\noindent\textit{A general statement such as ``data are available upon request'' should not be used without identifying the responsible contact and explaining any applicable access conditions. Authors must not claim that data are available when legal, ethical, technical, or contractual restrictions prevent their release.}
\par

\section*{Ethics approval and informed consent}

{Replace this instruction with all ethics and consent statements applicable to the study. Research involving human participants, identifiable personal data, confidential case files, administrative justice data, vulnerable populations, covert observation, or activities subject to institutional or legal oversight must have the necessary approval or authorization before the research begins. Authors must explain safeguards for voluntariness, privacy, confidentiality, data security, and the prevention of re-identification or harm.}
\par

\noindent\textit{Where formal approval was obtained, provide the full name of the approving ethics committee or competent institution, the approval or protocol number, and the approval date where available:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{\textbf{Ethics approval:} The study was approved by [full name of ethics committee or institution], approval number [number], dated [day month year].}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{Where formal approval was not required under the applicable institutional and national rules, use:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{\textbf{Ethics approval:} Formal ethics approval was not required for this study under the applicable institutional and national regulations.}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{For theoretical, doctrinal, historical, or other research that did not involve human participants or identifiable personal data, use:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{\textbf{Ethics approval and informed consent:} Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or identifiable personal data.}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{For research involving human participants, include the applicable statements:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{\textbf{Consent to participate:} Voluntary informed consent was obtained from all participants before their participation in the study.}
\end{quote}

\begin{quote}
\textit{\textbf{Consent for publication:} The participants provided informed consent for the publication of their identifiable information and/or images.}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{If the manuscript does not contain identifiable participant information, use:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{\textbf{Consent for publication:} Not applicable.}
\end{quote}

{Authors must not use a ``Not applicable'' statement where approval or consent was legally or institutionally required. Evidence of approval or consent may be requested by the Editorial Office.}
\par

\section*{Conflicts of interest}

{Replace this instruction with an accurate declaration of all financial and non-financial interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation of the findings, preparation of the manuscript, or editorial process. Relevant interests may include employment, consultancy, ownership, patents, grants, paid expert work, personal relationships, institutional roles, or other professional interests.}
\par

\noindent\textit{If no relevant conflict exists, use:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work.}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{If a conflict exists, identify the author concerned, the organization or relationship involved, and the nature of the interest:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{Author X.X. declares [describe the financial or non-financial interest]. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work.}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{A declared conflict of interest does not automatically prevent publication. Failure to disclose a relevant interest may result in editorial investigation or post-publication action.}
\par

\section*{Use of artificial intelligence}

{Replace this instruction with an accurate statement describing any substantive use of generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted technologies in preparing the manuscript or conducting the research. Identify the tool, version where available, provider, purpose of use, and the parts of the work affected.}
\par

\noindent\textit{If generative AI or an AI-assisted tool was used, adapt the following statement:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [tool name, version, and provider] for [state the specific purpose, such as language assistance, translation, code development, data analysis, or preparation of visual material]. The authors reviewed and verified all generated or modified content and accept full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and compliance of the final manuscript.}
\end{quote}

{If no generative AI or AI-assisted technology was used, use:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{The authors declare that no generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript or in producing its scientific content.}
\end{quote}

\noindent\textit{AI tools must not be listed as authors. Authors remain responsible for all submitted content, including text, references, calculations, data, computer code, images, and translations produced or modified with AI assistance. AI tools must not be used to fabricate references, conceal plagiarism, manipulate data, or misrepresent originality. Confidential manuscripts, personal data, unpublished results, and restricted information must not be entered into an external AI system without appropriate authorization and safeguards.}
\par

\section*{Acknowledgements}

{Replace this instruction with the names of individuals or organizations that provided relevant technical, linguistic, administrative, fieldwork, legal-research, data-access, community-engagement, or other assistance but do not meet the journal's authorship criteria. Describe the nature of each acknowledged contribution and obtain permission from every individual named.}
\par

\noindent\textit{Do not use this section to conceal authorship, funding, conflicts of interest, editorial assistance, or substantive use of artificial intelligence. Funding must be reported in the Funding section, and AI use must be reported in the Use of artificial intelligence section.}
\par

\noindent\textit{If there are no acknowledgements, omit this section or use:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{The authors have no acknowledgements to declare.}
\end{quote}

\section*{Supplementary materials}

{Use this section only when supplementary materials accompany the manuscript. List every supplementary file separately using a clear identifier and descriptive title. Each supplementary item must be cited at the appropriate point in the main text, for example, ``see Supplementary Table S1'' or ``see Supplementary File S2.''}
\par

\noindent\textit{Use the following format as applicable:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{Supplementary Figure S1: [descriptive title]; Supplementary Table S1: [descriptive title]; Supplementary File S1: [dataset, codebook, interview guide, search strategy, legal-source list, computer code, appendix, or other material and its description].}
\end{quote}

{Supplementary materials must comply with the same requirements for research integrity, ethics, confidentiality, copyright, licensing, data protection, and accurate attribution as the main article. Supplementary files must not contain material essential to understanding the principal findings if that material should reasonably appear in the main manuscript. If no supplementary material is provided, omit this section.}
\par

\section*{Abbreviations}

{List abbreviations only when several abbreviations are used in the manuscript. Define every abbreviation at its first occurrence in the abstract and again at its first occurrence in the main text. Use each abbreviation consistently and avoid unnecessary abbreviations. Universally recognized mathematical symbols do not normally require inclusion in this list.}
\par

\noindent\textit{Arrange the list alphabetically using the following format:}
\par

\begin{quote}
\textit{ABC, full term; DEF, full term; XYZ, full term.}
\end{quote}

{If the manuscript contains only a small number of abbreviations that are already defined in the text, omit this section.}

% ================================================================
% REFERENCE PREPARATION INSTRUCTIONS
% Authors must delete this instruction block before submission.
% ================================================================

\section*{Reference preparation instructions}

\begingroup
\footnotesize
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{2.1pt}

{\textbf{Instructions to authors (delete before submission):}
References must be prepared using the journal's numbered citation-order
style. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which
they are first cited in the main text, tables, or figure captions.
Citations must be indicated using square brackets, for example,
[1], [2,3], or [4--6]. When a source is cited more than once, its original
reference number must be reused. Authors must use the citation commands
provided by the template and must not type citation numbers manually.}

{The reference list must contain only sources cited in the
manuscript. References should normally be limited to published works,
publicly available preprints, datasets, software, standards, patents,
technical reports, or works formally accepted for publication.
Personal communications and unpublished materials should be mentioned
only in the main text where appropriate.}

{Every reference must be relevant, genuine, and verified
against the original source. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of
author names, titles, journal names, publication years, volume and issue
numbers, page ranges or article numbers, DOIs, repository identifiers,
and URLs. Fabricated, irrelevant, misleading, or manipulated references
are prohibited.}

{Journal titles must use recognized standard abbreviations
in accordance with ISO 4 and the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations
where available. If no recognized abbreviation is available, the full
journal title should be used. DOIs must be included as active links in
the format \url{https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx}. Access dates must be
provided for webpages and other online content that may be updated or
changed.}

{For sources originally published in Cyrillic script,
authors must use official Latin-script bibliographic information where
available. Otherwise, author names, titles, and source names must be
transliterated consistently into the Latin alphabet. The transliterated
title should be followed by an English translation in square brackets
where appropriate. The original language must be identified at the end
of the reference, for example, ``(in Russian)'' or ``(in Uzbek).''}

{\textbf{The following examples demonstrate the required
reference formats and must be deleted before submission.}}

\textbf{Journal article}\par
[1] Author AA, Author BB. Title of the article.
\textit{Abbreviated Journal Title}. 2025;12(3):145--152.
\url{https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx}.

\textbf{Book}\par
[2] Author AA, Author BB. \textit{Book Title}. 3rd ed.
Publisher; 2024.

\textbf{Book chapter}\par
[3] Author AA. Title of the chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors.
\textit{Book Title}. 2nd ed. Publisher; 2024:32--58.

\textbf{Conference paper}\par
[4] Author AA, Author BB. Title of the conference paper. In:
\textit{Proceedings of the Name of the Conference};
Day--Day Month Year; City, Country. Publisher; 2025:45--52.
\url{https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx}.

\textbf{Technical standard}\par
[5] Standards Organization. \textit{Standard Number: Title of the
Standard}. Publisher; 2025.

\textbf{Technical or institutional report}\par
[6] Author or Organization. \textit{Title of the Report}.
Report No. 0000. Publisher; 2025. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.

\textbf{Thesis or dissertation}\par
[7] Author AA. \textit{Title of the Thesis or Dissertation}.
PhD dissertation. Name of University; 2024.

\textbf{Dataset}\par
[8] Author AA, Author BB. Title of the dataset. Repository Name;
2025. \url{https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx}.

\textbf{Software or computer code}\par
[9] Author or Developer. \textit{Software Title}. Version 2.0
[computer software]. Publisher or Repository; 2025.
Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.

\textbf{Patent}\par
[10] Inventor AA, Inventor BB. Title of the invention.
Country Patent XXXXXXX. Published Month Day, Year.

\textbf{Website}\par
[11] Author or Organization. Title of the webpage.
Published Month Day, Year. Updated Month Day, Year.
Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.

\textbf{Preprint}\par
[12] Author AA, Author BB. Title of the preprint.
Preprint Server. Posted Month Day, Year.
\url{https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx}.

\textbf{Article accepted for publication}\par
[13] Author AA, Author BB. Title of the article.
\textit{Abbreviated Journal Title}. In press.

\textbf{Source originally published in Cyrillic}\par
[14] Ivanov II, Petrov PP. Transliterated article title
[English translation]. \textit{Transliterated or Official Journal Title}.
2025;9(2):88--94. (in Russian).
\url{https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx}.

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